Corporate Governance A Case of Kuwait Finance House - Free Essay Example

Corporate Governance: A case of Kuwait Finance House Contents Summary: Chapter 1: Introduction: Background of the study: Research objective: Research problem and question: Research source of data: Scope and limitation: Significance of study: Chapter 2: Literature review: Chapter 3: Research design: Sources of data: Purpose and research questions or null hypothesis: Sample size: Assumptions: Questionnaire: Bibliography . Summary: In this study we are going to have a look at the corporate governance of Kuwait finance house. As a market leader, it envisaged the revolutionary Financial Mall conception, placing partners such as credit card providers, telecommunication and insurance needs under one roof. The Financial Malls are providing customer-convenient services, personal financial advisors and queue beating automated systems. The paper aims to talk about the major impediment faced by Kuwait finance house and the conflicting interest of the shareholders with the interest of the managers became one of the main causes of the rise of need for corporate governance. The study can define its economy as it is an important edifice or pillar of Bahrain Economy. In the planned study descriptive research get used . Descriptive research studies are conducted when the characteristics of certain groups are to be described. In the study we will try to get at least 25-30 fully completed questionnaires. Many employees, customers and shareholders having many types of accounts are current, saving, loan, debit and credit card. Loan facilities, O/D facilities, and ATM facilities are following facilities is given more importance. It conducted recreational facilities for its customers or employees. The study recommends the banks to involve customers or customer representatives before investing on any internal growth. The bank recently added various technological upgrades with a view to give high level and latest upgrades service as required in the changing world of today. The study recommends the banks to involve customers or customer representatives before investing and the aim is to figure out the possible causes of conflict between the managers and shareholders and why there actually exist the need of corporate governance. Thus the bank has a separate clause in their objective mission statement that clearly defines the creation of wealth for the shareholders. The possible causes of conflict betwe en managers and shareholders will eventually affect the growth of total assets, shareholders equity and customer deposits, all are extremely important financial indicators for financial institutions. Chapter 1: Introduction: In this study we are going to have a look at the corporate governance of Kuwait finance house. It has developed to become the largest commercial bank in the Kingdom of Bahrain. For the past 35 years, it has introduced cutting-edge technologies providing customers with a wide variety of products ranging from individual banking services, treasury and investment, to innovative commercial-focused solutions. Background of the study: The Corporate governance is key need of present day world. The different interest of the people in the companies and expectation for the appropriate actions by the companies has led to the rise of the concept of corporate governance. Thus the conflicting interest of the shareholders with the interest of the managers became one of the main causes of the rise of need for corporate governance. In this case study we will take into view the Kuwait Finance House. Kuwait Finance house is one of the leading and respectable banks in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The bank offers commercial and investment banking facility. The bank was established in year 2002 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Kuwait Finance house, Kuwait. The bank became fully accomplices with the rules of Sharia and offers a variety of products and service as per the rules of Sharia. History shows that in the past decade it has seen an amazing transformation with development across all spheres be it technology, industry, educati on, health; as well as in the quality of life itself. We can hence summarize that in the world of finance, it have emerged as a truly world-class bank incorporating next generation technology, with an international presence and a wide local network. The bank recently added various technological upgrades with a view to give high level and latest upgrades service as required in the changing world of today. Thus the bank has the following objectives as mission. To provide customers with the latest technological upgrades and support to assist they well. To provide products and services as per the Sharia rules and principles. To create a wealth and asset for the shareholders. Thus the bank has a separate clause in their objective mission statement that clearly defines the creation of wealth for the shareholders. (Kuwait Finance House, 2014) Research objective: The aim of the research is to figure out the possible causes of conflict between the managers and shareholders and why there actually exist the need of corporate governance. Thus the objectives can be stated as below. Identifications of possible causes of conflict between managers and shareholders. Stating how corporate governance helps in decreasing the level of conflict between the managers and shareholders. Showing the importance of corporate governance. Research problem and question: The research questions include the questions regarding the interest of managers and shareholders in the company. Thus the following questions can be reached. How efficient is the corporate control in Kuwait finance house? How the conflict between interests actually rises in Kuwait Finance House? What factors affect the corporate governance effectiveness at in Kuwait finance house? Research source of data: The data will collected from primary sources in the form of a questionnaire that will be circulated on the managers and shareholders of the Kuwait finance house. The Secondary sources will include previous studies and researches, book and magazines, and online resources and other secondary sources which will also be utilized. Scope and limitation: The scope of the research is to identify the possible causes of conflict between the managers and shareholders and why there actually exist the need of corporate governance. The study will be conducted on Kuwait finance house. No other sample shall be used to conduct this research. The main limitation is that the researcher must submit the study results before the end of the course to pass the course requirement. The limitations of the study are summarized in the following: Small population and sample size utilized in the study. A short period during which the research must be done and submitted (one semester period). No funds to be utilized to conduct the study. Significance of study: The significance of the study is for the corporate governance of Kuwait finance house. That is it can understand the reason behind the trend of using the services. While it can identify their flaws and work together to end the drawbacks and bring back the common people for whom the service was actually started. The study is also significant for research for the academic students so that they can help officials identify their mistakes and work to improve them. Chapter 2: Literature review: Corporate governance is actually the allocation of ownership, its incentive schemes, and concerns regarding board of directors and consists of various market competitions. Thus it consists of all those matters that are related with the company. (Becher Campbell, 2004) Another definition is that corporate governance is a set of mechanism that helps the outsider that is the shareholders protect their interest from the insiders that is the managers. Thus it is a method through which the shareholders can safeguard their interest and thereon investment in the company. These way objectives are set, performance is monitored and preferred outcome is achieved by the shareholders. Literature has shown that there exist a number of challenges and issue related to corporate governance that should be addressed. Reviewed the presentation of non-financial corporation in United States and Asia which were non efficient enough to show their commitment and transparency toward corporate governance. Th ey found that the modern concepts related to the separation of management from the ownership have made the corporate governance an important issue in the present day world. There exist a big difference between those people who control the company and the one who finance it. Thus the organization system, practice and rules all together can help determine the relation between the two parties. The balance that is created will help in bringing the optimal outcome where both the investors and the managers would feel that their interests are accomplished. (Farinha, 2003) Found that the reason for conflict between the investors and the managers is due to the ownership mechanism. The value of a firm is of a great concern for the investors. Whereas achieving sales target and growth are some of the few objectives of managers. Thus the difference in the objectives results in the clash of the interest between the two groups of the company. The earlier tries to increase their wealth through the investment they have made, while the latter tries to accomplish company goals and achieve sustainable growth. Mentioned, that the publically listed companies and family controlled firms in Taiwan are among the best example which shows the conflicting interest of the investor and managers through corporate governance. Although these firms were run for the growth objective they showed lesser conflict among the owners and managers. Reason being that the work environment in Asia and Eastern countries is much different from the European and American markets. The increase in the number of foreign financial institutions in the local market increased the competition. Many banks ventured into lending business that are too perilous only to maintain their standing in the competitive market. John M. Mason (2012), Banks: How Safe Is the Banking System? The writer speaks about the commercial banking system prevailing in USA. The commercial banking system which prevails in USA does not found to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“out-of-woodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  due to the fact that 15 largest banks out of the 19 largest banks have passed a stress test which was conducted by the Federal Reserve. The authors also insist that the gap between the estimated capital and the Federal Reserveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s capital must be understood by the healthy financial institutions. This gap identification was suggested by the customers of the banks. Mark to market accounting is the real problem faced by the financial institutions. Mark to market accounting is not preferred by the executives in the commercial banks. The basic reason behind this is the executives do not like to accept that they have done a mistake or they do not want to take high risks or they want to stay away from the cluttered issues. When the sourness of the loan, change in the interest rates and decline in the securities market value are the factors which leads to decline in the value of bank assets. In order to identify the perfor mance, the banks should mark their assets to market so that they would get the real pictures about the performance of bank and its solvency. (Mason, (2012)) H Reddy (2004), Global business and innovation in banking The author cites that the banking sector is known about the uncertainty, adopting the changes in the technology for developing their product and services to satisfy their customers. The opportunities of arbitrage are found everywhere which includes cheap settings and strategies which are related to business. The retail banking sector was examined in this study to find out how some banks earn sustainable profits than the other banks. The author suggests as banking is emerging as a commodity business it would be suitable to analyze the business strategies found in this dynamic sector. A study was set out to find the different positioning of a Delta Model and also to find the effect of fundamental interactions. The right business strategy is put into operation by analy zing customer targeting and operational effectiveness. (Reddy, (2004)) The author mentions that the banks which invented this method of doing business tasted greater success due to their preliminary success. The author further adds by luring away the customers they have become a successful player in the competitive market. In order to exhibit their ability in the big market some of the banks made clients to go for off shore deposits. The value of a firm is of a great concern for the investors. (Piesse et al., 2004) Chapter 3: This chapter emphasizes various research methods and tools used in the study. It also discuss about the data collection methods, tools used to gather data, research methodology and data analysis. Research design: The research is designed as a qualitative research type in the form of the questionnaires and other secondary sources of data. The attempt was made to keep the secrecy and clarify the questions to the respondent before the filling of the questionnaire. Moreover a questionnaire format will be built to get answers to the questions related to our topic corporate governance. Also the interview questions were designed to maintain secrecy of the identity of the person. In this research the researcher will use objective and subjective method both to analyze the present day situation in the KFH. Also an attempt will be made to know more about the corporate governance system working in the Bank. The intention here is to find out the causes of conflict and suggest a possible method to resort to the peaceful out comes. Thus the research is based on the concept of finding out various objectives of the company if accomplished through the corporate governance and if the peace is resorted between the conflicting interest of the managers and shareholders. Sources of data: There are two types of data in any research, primary and secondary data. In this report the researchers have used the primary source of data through distributing questionnaires along with a secondary source of data is used. Primary data: This is gathered through primary data research. In this paper the researcher held a survey via distribution of questionnaires of the study sample. This consists of original information collected for specific purpose. A researcher collects the data to study a particular problem. These data are the raw materials of the enquiry. Secondary data: This is gathered through secondary data research. In this paper the researcher used journals, survey reports, books and online resources. For instances, data collected during census operations are primary data to the department of census and the same data, if used by a research worker for some study are termed as secondary data. Here it deals with the research design, data sources, instrumentation, proced ure for gathering data and the data analysis. Purpose and research questions or null hypothesis: The purpose of the study is to figure out the possible causes of conflict between the managers and shareholders and why there actually exist the need of corporate governance. Thus the research question and Hypotheses are: Questions of the study How efficient is the corporate control in Kuwait finance house? How the conflict between interests actually rises in Kuwait finance house? What factors affect the corporate governance effectiveness at in Kuwait finance house? Hypotheses: There is an invert relationship between the effectiveness of corporate governance of the KFH and conflict of interest between managers and shareholders. There is a positive relationship between the effectiveness of corporate governance of the KFH and conflict of interest between managers and shareholders. There is a negative relationship between the effectiveness of corporate governance of the KFH and overall performance of KFH. There is a positive relationship between the effectiveness of corporate governance of the KFH and overall performance of KFH. Sample size: In the study we will try to get at least 25-30 fully completed questionnaires. Assumptions: The study measures the corporate control in Kuwait finance house; the conflict between interests actually rises in Kuwait finance house; the factor affect the corporate governance effectiveness at in Kuwait finance house and also looks at the challenges which the banks face. Questionnaire is the main instrument used to obtain primary data through a survey which provides an off-centre view of corporate governance of Kuwait finance house. To a certain extents the survey verifies the limitations and drawbacks faced by the corporate governance of Kuwait finance house. A subjective view point is obtained from the primary data. The facts get validated and the data from the internet acts as the secondary data. Questionnaire: Dear SirMadam, I am as a student doing a research on corporate governance of Kuwait finance house. It will be highly appreciated it you can help me find out the real cause behind the shift by responding to following questionnaire wisely. Gender: Male (b) Female Age: (a)19 to 25 years (b)26 to 35 years (c)35 to 50 (d)51 years and above Education: (a)Under Graduation (b) Masters (c) Higher Do you consider it as customer friendly? Yes (b) No (c) Not Aware Rank the major consumers? Institution/companies Individuals Building promoters/construction companies Government agencies Small contractors Do you have an account with KFH? (a) Yes (b) No What kind of account do you maintain? (a) Savings (b) Current (c) Credit card (d) Demit (e) Loan a/c What kind of facilities is given more importance? (a) ATM (b) O/D (c) Loan Does it conduct any recreation facilities for its customers or employees? (a) Yes (b) No Do the customers have the core banking facility? (a) Yes (b) No Do they charge unnecessarily for not maintain minimum balance in your account? Does it offer competitive service charges? (a) Yes (b) No Does it offer competitive interest rate? (a) Yes (b) No Do you prefer the service of alternative bank? (a) Yes (b) No What do you feel about overall service quality? (a)Excellent (b) normal (c) good (d) average (e) poor Would you recommend it to your friends, relatives, associates? (a) Yes (b) No When do you think of it what comes first in your mind? (a) Personal service (b) network(Wide branch) (c) Customer service (d) computerized banking (e) Core banking What would you like to suggest for the changes or improvement in any of the services provided by it? Thank you. Bibliography Becher, D.A. Campbell, T.L., 2004. Corporate governance of bank mergers. Journal of Financial Economics Volume 51 no. 3, pp.371-406. Farinha, J., 2003. Corporate Governance: A survey of the literature. Journal of Economics 118, pp.107-55. Kuwait Finance House, 2014. About us. [Online] Available at: https://www.kfh.bh/en/kuwait-finance-house/about-us.html. Mason, J.M., (2012). Banks: How Safe Is the Banking System? [Online] Available at: https://www.bullfax.com/?q=node-commercial-banks-how-safe-banking-system [Accessed 15 March 2014]. Piesse, J., Lien, Y. Filatochev, I., 2004. Corporate Goverance and Performance in Publically listed, Family controlled Firms: Evidence from Taiwan. London.: Kings College of London. Reddy, H., (2004). Global business and innovation in banking. [Online] Available at: dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/17882/56657909.pdf?. [Accessed 15 March 2014].

The Womens Suffrage Campaign - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 569 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Women's Suffrage Essay Did you like this example? Pros and Cons regarding the new amendment that our congress has passed. Women would be able to start up their own business or get their own job and have their own carrier without asking her marriage partner permission she would have more opportunities in this country but she could also have her own medical care transportation vehicles and more associations. The rights of the amendment are considered a bit weird and misunderstood but at the same time that could lead to less of equal gender rights. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Womens Suffrage Campaign" essay for you Create order But this also opens a door with enough space for the interpretation which is why those who look at the amendment U.S has passed say that it will take away some rights for women but while adding other rights for women. Women have been mistreated and not treated with the same rights as men until the amendment u.s congress has passed. The amendment established the right for women to vote it also gave women the right to have a say in this country. The amendment us congress passed was about equal rights and sexual equality. There werent really any downfalls to this amendment u.s congress passed it was more of an upgrade for sexual equality. The amendment gave women new opportunities and have their own careers and not be a stay home housewife. In my opinion I think women should have had rights of a man before the amendment even took place. Most of the federal law that doesnt agree on the equal rights of sex will be eliminated for good. The gender equality situation would start to become an illegal situation but as any preconception that is viewed on someones gender. Even though it wouldnt stop the society of the united states from keeping their personal views but it would shrink are the judgment of way how people take a look at the gender equality situation. It could also be a better perspective is to take an legal enforce on anyone who disobeys. Now its true by adding equal rights to the fourteenth amendment in the constitution would cause a miraculous amount of changes with the laws the government has given us. Now this also puts women in danger like laws that so a point of view of discarding the rule/law that puts women to working in mining jobs except for a type of working space environment for an example an office. This also could cause problems in the constitution like one of the major concerns is that it could influence the way laws are being made. If it ever comes to women working in mines they would be opposed to danger even though the men have had more experience with their careers more than women. Now ask yourself this would a high pay be worth it another con is that is the people that support the amendment of the U.S congress passed but however it was viewed as any other of the states but we will still have the authority to put the provisions of the document. Now the way they are doing it is the same way as their doing it with the thirteenth and fourteenth amendment or any other of various amendments that were already made. They also will have about seven hundred and thirty days to make a variety of changes to any law that points out violence towards the gender equality disagreement.

Power Plus Strength And Conditioning System - 1265 Words

Power Plus Strength and Conditioning System Hello, I m Brian McGinty trainer/owner of PowerPlus. I want to inform you of our new and innovative training system. Our system is catered around biomechanics. In the last three years, we ve had staggering results in our sports training. Within a couple of months, we dropped 100-meter times 8/10 of a second and increased bat speeds four to seven miles. We increased vertical jumps up to seven inches in multiple athletes. In a few month’s time, we also increased throwing velocity five miles. We accomplished these incredible feats by using our modern, functional training system. We are currently working with NFL athletes and we want to spread the word to others in the†¦show more content†¦We are against this concept. Science has proven that when you bulk a muscle, it loses it s elastic qualities. As a result, the center of the muscle is shortened, balled up, and pulled away from connective tissue which connects/holds muscles to the joints. This is called muscle hypertrop hy. Science has shown that it can have an adverse effect on athletic movement. This puts more stress on the ligaments and tendons and causes muscular imbalances. Compare the way a human body is made to a trampoline. A trampoline has a webbing or net in the middle which we jump on. All of the focus and attention is usually on the net, similar to how most of the attention is usually put on the size of the athlete s muscles. But what is actually firing or creating most of the power? Is it the webbing or the springs? Think about it, the springs that are connected to the skeleton of the trampoline are actually absorbing most of the shock applied to the trampoline. The springs reverse that energy and catapults a person high into the air. So we have a net, that is connected to a spring, that is connected to the skeleton of the trampoline.The human body is made the same way. 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Physical Inactivity And Its Impact On Individual Level...

In the U.S., physical inactivity is a leading cause of preventable deaths and all-cause mortality (Danaei et al., 2009; Oguma, Sesso, Paffenbarger Lee, 2002) and is associated with increased relative risk of developing a number of chronic diseases such as breast cancer, diabetes and heart disease (Bull et al., 2004; Jeon et al., 2007; Steindorf et al, 2013). While research on the promotion of physical activity has historically been on the impact of individual-level behavioral interventions, there has been substantial progress in identifying the role of policymaking in creating population-wide health improvements (Brownson et al., 2007; Eyler et al., 2010; Frank Kavage, 2009; Humpel, Owen, Leslie, 2002). Fundamentally, the links between modifying the social and built environment on the determinants and causes of physical inactivity have been solidly established in the empirical literature (Kahn et al., 2002). 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Importance Of Cell Phone Safety Essay - 1056 Words

The cell phone safety In spite of the fact that cell phones convey a few expediency and advantages to our lives, they additionally have some possibly unsafe impacts. Disclosure of cell phones has been one of the critical technological progress lately. A portion of these effects has contributed emphatically to our lives, yet at the same time, others have affected contrarily. The cell phones have had a noticeable effect on the social life of individuals. In any case, cell phones have accompanied adverse consequences for people lives. One is that mobile phones have impacted relational connections and social collaborations adversely. cell phones have expanded inclinations of using it while driving on roads, which is lead to deadly†¦show more content†¦It is irresponsible behavior using the cell phone while driving, it cost the people lives for usually not important conversations. As everybody may know, mobile phones are extremely distracting. When driving, the last thing the people need is to be distracted by a cell phone, according to Qiao, â€Å"Texting while driving is highly prevalent among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Texting while driving can significantly increase the risk of road crashes and is associated with other risky driving behaviors. Most states have enacted distracted driving laws to prohibit texting while driving.† Texting and driving are not just distracting the driver, but also put the other lives in danger. Focusing on roads while driving safe the people lives. People are in an expanded hazard for antagonistic health impacts from mobile phone radiation. Cell phones cause electromagnetic radiation, which causes disease in the human body. In the current investigation by researchers, mobile phones are demonstrated to cause brain cancer. 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Levis Business Report Free Essays

REPORT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LEVIS STRAUSS LADIES’ JEANS FOR EDGARS RETAIL STORES To Directors of Edgars, This report serves to provide information about Levis Strauss Jeans which we wish to sell through your retail stores, Edgars. Levis Strauss is a clothing line which has the potential to become very popular, especially once our new line of ladies’ jeans is introduced into the market. Target Market Although the target market for our Jeans is limited to women, the popularity and demand for Jeans is increasing by the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Levis Business Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now The consumers would be able to wear Jeans in a casual manner with a shirt for their every day errands, and they would also be able to wear them slightly more dressed up with a blazer for work. Jeans are a piece of clothing that are worn by every class of people for almost every occasion and this would put us at an advantage in the current market. Previously, Jeans were thought to be only for workers, cowboys, etc. However, the consumer demand has shifted from the durability of jeans to the fashion of jeans. Materials Used The materials needed to make the jeans would be denim, cotton, zips buttons, rivets and thread for embroidery of the brand name. These can be obtained with ease around South Africa which will lower our cost price as we will not need to import materials in order to produce the jeans. This will allow us to provide the jeans at a lower and more competitive price, therefore attracting more consumers to your stores. Possible Challenges and Strategies One of the challenges that we, as the manufacturers of the jeans, face is the threat of new entrants into the market and the threat of substitutes. Our generation consists of many young, innovative and enthusiastic designers who could possible introduce a new brand of denim jeans into the market. This could also tie in with the threat of substitutes as there are literally hundreds of lines that offer jeans as one of their products such as Guess, Sissy Boy, Free 2 b U, and RT to name but a few. In order to overcome this challenge we would need to ensure that our product has a high level of differentiation, meaning that it would need to stand out against the other brands of denim jeans. We could do this by using edgy advertisements. For example, women wearing nothing but the jeans themselves but with shadows covering the necessities such as breasts etc. This will attract women to the jeans as it implies that the jeans will give them sex appeal. We would also need to emphasise what makes our jeans different by showing their authenticity, originality, variety, quality, and their unique fit. Our jeans are also offered at a premium price and would be easily accessible to consumers as many people shop at Edgars stores. It could also be emphasised that our jeans are classic yet still modern and they can be worn for comfort as well as style. Table showing substitutes chosen if Levis Jeans were not available (Calculated on 120 respondents) Brand| Percentage of Respondents| Sissy Boy| 61%| Guess| 15%| Free 2 b u| 17%| RT| 7%| Levis Jeans can be considered as a style instead of just a fashion or a trend. A fashion and a trend grow slowly in the market but eventually the sales begin to decline. It is considered a style as, although jeans may not always be the most popular choice of clothing, they will always come back into fashion and have the potential to make a come-back in the market of the fashion industry. Another possible challenge would be that our brand could struggle internationally and this could affect its popularity locally. However, we have adopted the motto â€Å"think local and act global†. This ensures the potential consumer that the product is of good quality yet it can still be sold at a competitive and reasonable price. There have been some complaints of our jeans tearing in some places on Hello Peter, however, we have made an effort to strengthen our product physically by improving our production process and testing the strength of certain garments in a batch to ensure that the products provided are of the highest quality possible Conclusion After careful market segmentation, efforts in improving the product and in-depth analysis of the market, we believe that our product would be a valuable addition to your range of products sold at your retail stores. With careful marketing strategies, innovative thinking and continuous attention given to the consumer needs, Levis Strauss could add to your store’s success. Please consider our proposal favourably. Regards, Kirsty Smit – Levis Strauss CEO References: * http://www. scribd. com/doc/31538621/Project-report-on-starting-a-new-business-Comfort-Jeans * http://www. madehow. com/Volume-1/Blue-Jeans. html * http://www. uvm. edu/~shali/Levi. pdf * http://www. cleanclothes. org/betterbargain/946-case-file-levi-strauss-a-co * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Levi_Strauss All of the above websites were visited on the 4th of October 2012. How to cite Levis Business Report, Essay examples

Achilles and Hector free essay sample

Before, we go any further in making an in-depth analysis of our two great let us consider the literary work that placidly described their valor. In order for us to appreciate the heroism and valor of our two great Greek warriors, we have to establish and understand the milieu and the type of culture that they have. We need to know the impetus that caused the very long war so that we could have a better appreciation of their heroism and valor. Achilles was a great warrior who joined the Achaean forces against the Trojans. On the other hand, Hector was the valiant defender of the Trojans. They were all in the long narrative epic poem of f Homer, a well known classical poet of the ancient Greeks. The etymology of the title, The Iliad was derived from the Greek word Illios (Cummings, 2003) and adding a 2-letter at the end to signify that it pertains to the former.    Thus, the meaning of the title actually provided an overview of what the book was about something that pertains to Troy (Cummings, 2003). This epic focused more on the story of Achilles, the greatest Greek hero and his repugnancy against his fellow Greek warrior Agamemnon when the latter took his beautiful prize and how he drew back from fighting the Trojans armies. His desire for vengeance was intensified when his beloved companion Patroclus, was killed by the most valiant among the Trojans – Hector. He joined and led the Greek troops once again and killed that famous warrior who killed his dear friend. The war continued through a series of battles between the two tribes as well consistent meddling of the capricious gods and goddesses. It finally ended with the death of Hector and the humiliation of his corpse in the Greek camp. It also narrated how Priam, the clement king of Troy, humbly requested Achilles to return the body of his son (Homer Rouse, 1999). The Trojan War and its roots The Trojan War was the most devastating war in the ancient history of the Greeks. It all started when the goddesses Hera, Aphrodite and Athena had an altercation. To resolve this, they asked Paris to choose who among them was the most alluring. As conceited as it may seem, the goddesses resolved to offer bribe to Paris if he chose them. Of all the three, Paris declared that Aphrodite was the fairest of them all. In exchange, she will make the most beautiful woman in the mortal world to fall in love with him. However, that woman was already married in Greece to a Spartan king, Menelaus. Her name was Helen. Paris disguised as a diplomat. It was said that with the intervention of the gods, Helen immediately fell in love with Paris and absconded with him to Troy. Since this was derision to a Spartan and even all the Greeks, Menelaus recalled an old oath of the other Greek kings that they would protect his marriage to Helen. He summoned all the kings in Greece to organize a war against Troy and get Helen back (Cummings, 2003). Most of the kings were hesitant going to the war. Achilles was even befuddled to appear like a woman so that he will not have to join the war. However, their guises were soon found and they had no choice but to join this war to honor their oath. They formed by the versant leaders and their men were the finest warriors in the land who set out for war to regain the dignity not simply of the Spartans but of Greece in general. They all set out and traveled to Troy and the Trojan War began. It continued for years and nobody even retreated (Gale, 2008, pp. 14-19). During the process, internal conflict between the Greeks began to arise especially when Agamemnon took Briseis, the beautiful prize of Achilles. The latter decided to recede and simply let his comrades continue the fight. The other Greeks continued the fight. One day, his dear friend Patroclus even borrowed his escutcheon to fight the Trojan armies. On the other hand, the Trojan soldiers were so determined to fight as well. Through the help of the gods on their side, they never surrendered. They were led by Paris and Hector. Hector was the most brave and inspired warrior among the Trojans. He was their hero and defender. He fought vigorously and killed a lot of Greeks including Achilles’ dearest friend, Patroclus. This event as well his accord with Agamemnon made Achilles decide to go back and fight his counterpart, Hector. The Greeks were on a losing side. None of his men could defeat the mighty Trojan hero. He set out the arena to fight not for Helen but for his friend, Patroclus and for the Greek soldiers who died. Hector, upon hearing that his real match was coming, commanded all his soldiers to retreat and he will have a one-on-one combat with his obverse. He was excellent in using spear and in attacking his enemies. He was able to defend his land against the Greeks for many years because of his good military strategies and strength. On the other hand, Achilles was also a good fighter and leader. Aside from that, he was also invulnerable since her mom had bathed him in River Styx when he was young. The only vulnerable part of him was his heel which was not washed because his mother was holding it. They fought for several rounds until Achilles was able to kill Hector (Homer Rouse, 1999) Out of his rage, he dragged his body toward the Greek camp and to the tomb of his friend Patroclus. Priam, on the other hand, pleaded Achilles to return the body of his son for it to have a decent burial as a custom of the Trojans (Zanker, 1996, p.116). A truce was created as the Trojan mourned for the death of their hero (Homer Rouse, 1999). The death of the mighty leader, Hector, caused a fracture in the walls of Troy that eventually led to their downfall after losing a wise and strong warrior. Afterwards, the battle continued. Albeit the soldiers and the citizens of Troy were tired and weary of the war, they still continued to fight for vengeance for the comrades killed and for their nation. Achilles was very successful and won the battles. However, the new leader of the Trojan warriors, Paris, was determined to avenge his brother’s death. With the assistance from the gods on his side, he struck an arrow towards the heel of Achilles that caused a mortal wound that killed him instantly (Kennedy, n.d., p.6 ). Achilles Achilles was born mortal. He was the son of Peleus, a King of Myrmidons and Thetis, a sea nymph. Her mother really wanted her to be immortal. She dipped the infant Achilles in the mystical River Styx so that her child would grow invincible. However, what she forget overlooked was the fact that she had not immersed her son fully in the water. She was holding her son’s ankles while she dipped him in the water. Thus, the heels remained dry and vulnerable (Gale, 2008, pp. 52-56).. He grew up in Mount Pelion. He was under the custody of Cheiron, an astute centaur who taught him on how to survive the mountain and develop his skills and abilities. He was taught how to catch animals and survive the wild. He developed skills such as swiftness and agility. However, his training also made him fierce and impetuous ( Kennedy, M.D., n.d., p.4). After his training in the mountain, he was sent back to his abode and was tutored by Phoenix. Through his new guide, Achilles learned to develop skills, strength and courage. He also met his loyal and trustworthy friend, Patroclus. They became so close and vowed to protect each other. It can be deduced that Achilles had sense of loyalty with his friends. It was this vow that motivated him to kill the proud Hector ( Kennedy, M.D., n.d., pp. 4-5). When the war was being conceptualized and a prophecy was made that Achilles would be the greatest warrior that would save the Greeks from the Trojans. Thus, he was searched far and wide by other warriors to convince him to join them. He was even concealed as a girl by her mother but his character as a warrior prevailed. He was attracted to weapons and was ready to fight when the enemies arrived. He was always true to his promise. His virtues and honor matter more to him. That was the reason why even if he does not really like to go on a war, he still pursued and led the army and won several wars for the Greek. The skills that he had developed through the process actually gave him a great advantage in warfare not to mention that he was invulnerable. He defeated a lot of Trojan tribes. He is also agile and has a very good leadership (Gale, 2008, pp. 14-19). Aside from battle image of Achilles, it can also be noted that he is a very passionate and sensitive person. He loved to listen to the sound of the musical instruments. He also treasured his prize so much. He would go the extra of withdrawing himself from his comrades when that prize was taken away from him. However, it is evident that he is obedient and respectful to authority. Despite his grudge against Agamemnon, he still respected his decision and surrendered his price. He still respected and obeyed Agamemnon being his superior. He is also kind towards his colleagues but fierce and ruthless towards his enemies. He was also loyal to friends. He would not let the death of a friend pass without avenging the killer (Homer Rouse, 1999). He was easily moved with pity and compassion when he allowed the old king of Troy to carry his dead son back home (Zanker, 1996, p.116). The strength and prowess of Achilles was incomparable. Nobody could defeat the Greeks as long as Achilles was present. He survived and won a lot of war unwounded because he was invulnerable and the enemies were unaware of his weak side. Only Paris was able to discover that this great man killed a thousand soldiers without any bruise only to die because of a wound in a heel (â€Å"Achilles†). Hector Hector was the eldest son of the king of Troy, Priam and Hecuba. He was married to the beautiful lady Andromache and they have a son named Astyanax.   He was very devoted son and husband (â€Å"Hector†). He was the mightiest hero of the Trojan during the war. He was loved by the gods and even by his countrymen because of his sacrifices (Zanker, 1996, p. 115). When his troops were pressured on the field, he was compelled to go back to send news to his family and to the families of his men. He asked them to make an offering to the gods on their sides. When he arrived in their house, he was pleaded by her mother not to go back to the war because he might be killed. He did not heed nor drank anything. Instead he summoned his brother to assist them in the war. There was a dramatic scene when he was asked by Helen to wait for his brother but instead he wanted Paris to go ahead since he had to see his family for the last. He had a feeling that it would be the last time that he is going to see them (Gale, 2008, pp. 52-56). When he went back, he discovered that his wife was too worried about him that she hysterically went to the gates to get news from him. When they met, he saw her carrying their son and was crying. She warned Hector that his bravery would lead him to his grave. She broke the news that Achilles was very invincible and he had killed her kin. She pleaded him to stay for her and their son’s sake. However despite heis beloved wife’s plea, Hector’s commitment to serve his countrymen prevailed. He would rather die than witness his family enslaved by the Greeks. Sensing that it might be his last chance to be with his family, he hugged his son tightly and prayed to the gods that his son be protected and become greater than him (Gale, 2008, pp. 52-56). Conclusion If we are going to juxtapose the characteristics of Achilles vis-à  -vis Hector, it is evident that they are quite similar in some ways. They are the strongest among their tribes. They would be an equal match. They are both strong-willed and determined. They are loyal to their tribes and would not accept defeat without fighting for it. They are ruthless to enemies but helpful and protective to their men. They would not let anybody stain their honor and dignity. In the epic, when the Greek forces killed a lot of Trojan workers, Hector stood up and took revenge. He would not let his enemies reach the walls of Troy. Achilles felt the same. When his friend was killed, he stood up and sought revenge. He was filled with anger. And this anger would only be appeased with Hector’s blood, the blood of his friend’s killer. On the other hand, instead of anger, Hector was filled with arrogance that he is going to meet his real match when his fight with Achilles began. No Greek leader or warrior could defeat him and he was proud of it. However, when rumors came that the greatest hero of the Greeks could defeat him, he was challenged. Out of the spur-of-the moment, he even ordered his soldiers to back- off. Well his reason is unknown .It could be a decision made out of passion that he don’t want his soldiers to be killed by the mighty Achilles or he simply wanted to fulfill his ardent desire to fight his equal match alone. As a leader, it can be said that they are both effective. They have their own styles of leadership. It can be deduced that they could handle their soldiers very well based on the battles they have. They also have good strategies in warfare. They are not only good leaders but also good followers. Achilles obeys his commander Agamemnon even if he knew he was stronger than him. Hector was also obedient o his father. He went to warfare to protect his father’s kingdom. Even if they stand out from the rest, it cannot be denied that they are not perfect. Their characters and values still reflect the weak spots of being a human. They both cannot handle their emotions well. They react impulsively based on their emotion. They make rash decisions because they felt bad. Hector ordered his soldiers to retreat and let him face Achilles alone. Achilles, out of anger dragged Hector’s dead body with hiss chariot and brought it to his friend’s grave. Afterwards, he was moved by his father’s passion for his son that he even gave the body back to his family (Zanker, 1996, p.116). With all the similarities mentioned, they also have differences. Though it was not clearly mentioned whether Achilles had a son or a family, Hector was pointed out to be a family man. His real priority was his family. That was his motivation for fighting the Greeks. He wanted to protect his family and his people against the invaders. In the epic, he longed for his wife and family but despite their pleas for him to stay, he still went to war. Behind the proud and scary armor that he was wearing, was an image of a nostalgic husband and father (Gale, 2008, pp. 52-56). On the other hand, Achilles went to the war simply to honor his oath. He went to the war for glory and power. His struggle to leave was not because he had a family. His desire was to seek vengeance and show off his strength (Cummings, 2003). The other side of Achilles also reflected his soft side that he is pitiful and loving. He was kind to his comrades and also loved peace. He would not fight out of whim but of vengeance (Zanker, 1996). Achilles and Hector are both fine and strong soldiers. They are the greatest heroes of the Trojan. However, they were mere victims in that situation. They were locked in a war that they had no choice but fight against one another. The moral of their story simply showed that no matter how great you are, no matter how perfect you may seem, there will still be another person who could discover and attack your weak spot. The mighty and invincible Hector was killed by Achilles. But Achilles’ glory was simply cut short when he was killed by Paris, the instigator of the Trojan War (Kennedy, n.d. p.5). References The Iliad: Homer, Rouse, W.H.D. 1999. The Iliad. New York: Signet Classic Gale, A.C. 2008. Achilles a Hector. Unknown: BiblioBazaar, LLC Kennedy, M.D. n.d. Encyclopedia of Greco-Roman mythology. California: BBC-CLIO â€Å"Achilles.† The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved April 22, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Achilles.html Hector. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved April 22, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Hector.html Homer, Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2009 from http://encarta.msn.com Zanker, G. 1996. The Heart of Achilles: Characterization and Personal Ethics in the